SURVEY OF THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST
The Ottoman Empire at its peak
The Decline of the Ottoman Empire
The Encounter with the West: Napoleon in Egypt, 1798-1801
Suez Canal, inaugurated in 1869 to the sounds of Verdi’s “Aida”
The Middle East in 1914
The Middle East today: how does its political map differ from 1914?
British Promises Made During WWI Sykes-Picot agreement, 1916
The Arab Revolt--promise of Arab state to Sharif Hussein of Mecca
The Balfour Declaration(Nov. 2, 1917)
The Sykes-Picot agreement, 1916
Sharif Hussein of Mecca
T. E. Lawrence [of Arabia]
The Middle East in 1920
Winston Churchill (Colonial Secretary in the early 1920s) -- drew the current map of the Middle East
Prince Faisal, kicked out of Damascus by the French in 1920
Crowned King of Iraq by the British authorities; receives 96% of the vote in a plebiscite (1921)
1932: Iraq gains formal independence, but Britain maintains air bases.
1958: Hashemites overthrown
The separation of Transjordan from the British Mandate of Palestine, 1921
تشرشل وعبد الله فى القدس
السعوديه بداياتها 1932
مملكة البترول 1933: King Ibn Saud grants oil concession to Socal (today, Chevron)
1936: Texaco acquires 50% of concession
1938: discovery of oil in Dhahran
1950: completion of Tapline (photo below)
FDR and King Ibn Saud aboard the USS Quincy, Feb. 1945
The Ba’th Party: emergence of Pan-Arabism
Founded in Damascus in 1941 by young intellectuals
Key founder: Michel Aflaq (b. 1910 in Damascus, d. 1989 Baghdad)
Motto: “Unity [Arab], Freedom [from colonialism], and Socialism”
Gained control of Syria in 1963,حرب 1948”)
النكبة الكبرى
الملك عبد الله فى القدس
Jordan gained independence in 1946
Secret talks with Zionist leaders
Annexation of West Bank around 1950
king assassinated in Jerusalem in 1951, succeeded by 18 year old grandson, Hussein
مجلس قيادة الثوره
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918 - 1970)
-تولى الحكم بعد نجيب “54)
- امم القناه 1956
سد أسوان (السد العالى) The Sinai Campaign, 1956
حرب النكسه( الست ايام)1967)
حرب اكتوبر 1973 اليوم الكبير Ceasefire Lines
توقيع اتفاقية كامب ديفيد